Photos from Anna Lang–unengineered construction
March 17, 2010 by admin
Filed under General Information, Structural
A set of images showing low-rise, un-engineered construction:
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- Typical residential construction; note slabs and lightweight roofs; 1-2 story, 3-story less common
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- Typical 1-story residence in background; note blocks added at top of wall (non-load bearing wall); construction of new wall in foreground, demonstrating interlocking of wall and column.
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- Confined masonry: formwork present after construction of walls; note lack of columns on right side.
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- Interlocking masonry walls at corners (this tended to perform well); lack of load bearing on walls evident from added blocks; confined and infill masonry techniques employed; preparation for additional levels.
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- Confined masonry technique at bottom two levels, use of glass blocks prevent load bearing and shear transfer; infill technique at top level.
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- Wall formation is complete in this image; block and stone rubble will be later added to fill in the gap above the wall; note columns formed after walls.
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- Pouring the columns after the walls (ie, confined masonry technique) did not guarantee better performance; a lack of staggering of the blocks resulted in performance similar to infill masonry (ie, separation of the panel and column).
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- Typical infill masonry construction and damage; separation of masonry panel from column.
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- Damage to a residence likely constructed with confined masonry technique; poor connection between the masonry and the column resulted in panel separation.
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- Separation of the masonry from the column with infill construction technique.
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- Typical failure to infill masonry; in-plane damage resulting in out of plane failure.
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- No substantial difference in construction technique; ground effects were substantial.
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- No substantial difference in construction technique; ground effects were substantial.
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